The Scanning Eye

Tuesday, counselors from the Nick Fennigan Counseling Center came to my studio to talk about the piece I’m making for their auction. One of them mentioned, almost in passing, that she treats trauma with EMDR — Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I knew its basic shape: the eyes move back and forth, left to right, while the patient holds a difficult memory in mind, and something about that motion helps the nervous system file it away as past instead of present. She’s spent years training to do this skillfully, with people in real pain. It works.

I went home. I walked through the gate, and before I’d registered doing it, my eyes were already moving across the pond — left, right — searching for a glimpse of the bullfrogs, hoping to catch one, checking the reeds for the night heron the lilies pads for the frogs. I do this in my gardens too, every time, without deciding to: scanning for new growth, for bees and butterflies, for whatever is crawling, climbing, or slithering through on its way somewhere else. I have never called it a technique. It is instinct — there was a day it was survival. Maybe it still is. I learned it from the pond, and the garden taught it to me again. I am sure I did it in the desert.

the pond.

Researchers looking for a mechanism behind EMDR’s eye movements identified the orienting response. In the 1990s, MacCulloch and Feldman proposed a Pavlovian-Darwinian account of it: an organism that couldn’t orient toward threat and opportunity in its environment didn’t survive to reproduce. The lateral, searching sweep of the eyes across living terrain is old behavioral software — older than language, older than any office a person might sit in to heal.

scanning for bullfrogs i spied the tiniest delightful being.

What the therapist is doing, I think, is more than administering a technique. She’s giving a nervous system access to a mode of perception it evolved for and hasn’t had steady work for in a long time — the same mode the pond and the garden still gift me. Before we managed our landscapes, every walk outside was scanning: where is danger, where is food, what just moved. Vigilance and wonder ran on the same current. The heron was a threat-check and a gift in the same glance.

Then came glass, mowed lawns, screens, art hung in a fixed row at eye height — interiors that ask nothing of the eye because nothing there can hurt or feed you. The old sweep didn’t disappear. It just ran out of terrain to practice on.

So maybe what the therapist restores in the room, the garden restores outside it. Not competing methods — the same reflex, given two different kinds of ground to work on. The bees and the bullfrogs aren’t incidental to what happens to me out there. They’re the terrain that makes the scanning necessary again.

The piece I’m making for the center’s auction will ask something similar of whoever stands in front of it. The lower part holds a strong side-to-side movement — the eye has to work there, back and forth, before anything resolves. Then the movement lifts up out of that messiness and soars. I built that in on purpose. I keep making the eye do the one thing it’s always known how to do.

Above is an image of the piece in progress for the auction. The pencil drawing is too light to see. I have printed the image and drawn over the marker lines to sit with the composition. I may erase the whole thing later.

More on this piece later.

I don’t have a tidy close for this one. Just this: I’m going to keep scanning the pond and the garden. And I’m aware how much luck is folded into having either — that for so many people, the only terrain left to scan is a room with a chair, and a hand moving side to side, because no pond or garden is theirs to practice on.

Further reading: The Role of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in Medicine.

underMINE

The American Lawn, AI, and What We Have Been Conditioned to Unsee

The American lawn.

40 million acres. 2 trillion gallons of water a year. The largest irrigated crop in the country — more than corn, wheat, and fruit trees combined.

Is that a lot? What is a lot? The press tells us U.S. AI data centers consume too much — roughly 17.5 billion gallons of water in 2023.

Here is the truth.

The lawn uses 100 times more water than AI.

Lawns at 2 trillion are good and AI at 17.5 billion is bad? Where is the logic? And water is just half of it. We mow it on Saturdays — burning 800 million gallons of gas a year. Americans spill 17 million gallons just refueling their equipment — more than was spilled by the Exxon Valdez.

In 2021 I carved the carbon symbol into 35 feet of Zoysia turfgrass at Lawndale Art Center — Carbon by the Yard — to make visible what those 800 million gallons deprive us of. In 2022 I replaced a section of that same turf with native plants, living soil, and deep roots — CARBONsink — to show what the same ground could store instead. Carbon. Water. Life.

That is how I know how ridiculously easy it is to change.

The lawn is not the problem. What we have made it into is the problem. Forty million acres of chemically dependent monoculture sitting on top of some of the most populated land in the country. Land that could be absorbing rainwater, cooling the air, sequestering carbon, feeding pollinators, restoring the biodiversity we have been losing for a century.

For every one percent increase in organic matter per acre, soil can hold an additional 20,000 gallons of water. Native plant roots reach eight to fourteen feet deep — sequestering carbon like an upside down rainforest. The coastal prairie that Houston sits on once soaked up everything the sky sent down. We replaced it with turf. Harvey showed us what that costs.

But the ecological argument, as urgent as it is, is not the most powerful thing the lawn could do.

The most powerful thing is this: lawns exist in the largest population centers in the world. They are the daily interface between modern humanity and the living world. If we change what happens on that interface — in front yards, street medians, corporate campuses, school grounds — we change how millions of people understand their relationship to the planet. That is a social transformation. The ripple effects are incalculable.

Which brings me back to AI.

The comparison between lawn water use and AI water use is not meant to let either one off the hook. It is meant to show that we are already wasting at a scale that dwarfs what we are alarmed about — and that the solution to both problems might be the same solution. AI saves us time. It makes us better. What if it also helps us see what we have been conditioned not to see?

What if the lawn became part of the answer to AI’s water problem? Native landscapes absorb and store water in the ground. Deep roots recharge aquifers. Living soil filters and holds what falls from the sky. More than 160 new AI data centers have been built across the U.S. in the past three years — many of them in water-scarce regions. A Meta data center in Newton County, Georgia uses 500,000 gallons a day — 10% of the entire county’s water supply.

What if the landscapes surrounding those data centers were living systems instead of turf? What if regenerative landscaping — on the scale of cities — could recharge the aquifers that AI is draining?

I don’t know if that is possible. But I know that the first step is to stop treating the lawn as decoration and start treating it as a living system connected to everything.

Writer and botanist Robin Wall Kimmerer observed that in the wild, the solution is often found near the problem. The remedy grows where the wound is. The lawn uses 100 times more water than AI — and the lawn is also the solution to AI’s water crisis. The same 40 million acres. The same ground. The problem and the answer occupying the same space.

Tomorrow the gallery floor disappears under 600 square feet of sod.

I thought about attending the opening barefoot. Then I thought about the chemicals that must have been applied to grow this perfect mono-crop of sod. I won’t be barefoot on it.

That is the point. We have made the most abundant surface on the planet — 40 million acres of it — something you cannot safely stand on in your bare feet. Something that poisons the people who maintain it. Something that sheds the rain, kills the insects, and heats the ground it covers.

And we call it a lawn. We call it beautiful. We mow it on Saturdays.

underMINE is 600 square feet of that lawn, brought inside. What we have been conditioned to unsee — you walk by it every day — now you are standing on it.

Now imagine it differently.

AI changes instantly when it receives better information. Society takes forever — even when the difference is 100 times more gallons of water. However for society, baby steps are how it starts. One gallery floor. One front yard. One school ground. One corporate campus.

What if AI saves us enough time that we have time to garden? To grow our own food? To tend the land instead of manage it against itself? Think of the ripple effects of that idea.

The lawn has enormous potential.

The first step is to stop underMINEing. Start seeing.

Nantucket’s GMO Mice on 60 Minutes: The Sexiest Fix Is Usually the Wrong One

A tick. A mouse. A gene. What could go wrong?

I WATCHED AND THOUGHT PLEASE ASK THE QUESTION

I watched 60 Minutes this Sunday. They were on Nantucket Island, where scientists are genetically modifying white-footed mice to be resistant to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. The idea is that if the mice can't carry the pathogen, the ticks that feed on them can't spread it to humans.

I have four grandchildren. We spend a lot of time outside. Lyme disease is no longer someone else's problem.

On the surface, it sounds like the most reasonable thing in the world. Lyme disease is brutal. It is under-diagnosed, under-treated, and life-altering for the people who get it and can't get rid of it. I understand why this research exists. I understand the urgency. And I understand the seduction of the technological fix. Technology is the sexy fix.

But I kept sitting with the question that nobody on the broadcast asked.

Are we walking in with a solution before we've finished asking the question?

What does the system already know?

I wondered how they got there. I did a bit of research.

The whole crisis on that island traces back to a single decision in 1926, when the community voted to bring two female deer to the island to keep a lone buck company. The deer population grew. The ticks that feed on deer grew with it. The rest followed. One small, well-intentioned act rippled into a century of consequences.

There is another layer to this. People on Nantucket were already calling it the Nantucket flu long before scientists had a name for it. The island was ground zero before anyone understood what was spreading. The bacterium has been here for sixty thousand years. What changed was the balance.

 

UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES

Here is what I have learned — not in a laboratory, but in gardens, in living sculptures I have spent years building and tending and learning from: nature is not a problem to be solved. It is a relationship to be understood. And when we skip the understanding and go straight to the intervention, the intervention tends to produce consequences that take years — sometimes decades — to fully reveal themselves.

We have a word for it now. Unintended consequences. It has become so common a phrase we stopped hearing it.

It is time to hear it again.

 

PULLING THE THREAD

When you release a genetically modified organism into a wild ecosystem, you are not making one change. You are pulling a single thread in a fabric whose full complexity you cannot see — because no one can. The relationships between species in a functioning ecosystem are not linear. They are not predictable in the way a software update is predictable. They branch and loop and feed back on themselves across seasons and generations and multiple layers of soil.

The white-footed mouse is not just a Lyme vector. It is food. It is seed disperser. It is prey for foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes. It is a piece of an intricate puzzle that the island's food web has been assembling for centuries. When you genetically alter a species and release it into that web, you are not just changing what that species does to a tick. You are changing what that species does to everything it touches — and everything those things touch in turn.

We do not know what that is yet. We genuinely do not know.

That uncertainty alone should slow us down.

The scientists on Nantucket are brilliant at what they do. They just aren't reading Grandin. They aren't reading Carson. Different silo. The genome cares.

 

I LEARNED FROM TEMPLE GRANDIN

The clearest warning comes not from an environmentalist but from Temple Grandin.

She points to a Russian experiment that began in the 1950s. A geneticist named Belyaev set out to breed foxes for a single trait — tameness. Within a few generations the foxes were calmer. But simultaneously, without anyone selecting for them, other changes appeared: floppy ears, curled tails, white facial blazes, spotted coats. Nobody chose those traits. They came along for the ride. The genome, it turns out, does not honor our categories. Change one thing and the effects are linked to things you cannot predict.

Then there is what happened to the chickens. The broiler industry selected hard for large breast muscles and fast growth. Before the 1990s, what followed had never been seen. Roosters began attacking hens — violently, injuring and killing them. The normal courtship behavior had simply vanished somewhere in the selection process, and something dangerous had taken its place. It spread from one strain to nearly all strains within just a few years. Nobody planned it. Grandin writes that nobody knows exactly why it happened. Commercial broad-breasted turkeys were pushed so far in the same direction that they can no longer breed naturally at commercial scale. The entire industrial turkey industry now depends on artificial insemination. One trait selected. An entire behavior system dismantled.

 

RACHEL CARSON WARNED US

Ask any Texan over fifty where the horned toads went. My brother and I used to find them in the desert. They were so gentle they would sit still in your hands. Then fire ants arrived — stowaways in the soil used as ships' ballast, introduced through the Port of Mobile in the 1930s. At first they were a manageable problem. Native ant species were already fighting a low intensity war against them. The system was handling it. Then the chemical industry and the USDA decided to make fire ant eradication a program. They aerially sprayed DDT and other pesticides across the South — killing not just fire ants but the native ant species that had been competing with them. Rachel Carson wrote about it in Silent Spring. The pesticides didn't eradicate the fire ants. They toughened them. With their natural competitors eliminated, fire ants flourished and spread to more states than ever. The USDA quietly ended the program in the early 1970s, admitting the ant mounds were not a serious obstacle to farming after all. The intervention created the crisis it claimed to be solving.

Carson went further. The fire ant program was not born from evidence of actual damage. It was born from manufactured hysteria — and a pesticide industry that needed a market. The fire ant became the villain because someone needed to sell the cure.

Fire ants outcompeted and displaced the native harvester ants that horned lizards depend on for food. The horned lizard population collapsed across the state within decades. Nobody released fire ants to kill horned toads. The effects rippled through the food web in a direction no one predicted, erasing a creature that had been part of this landscape for centuries.

A staple of my childhood. Gone.

 

SEEING IN SYSTEMS

What I keep thinking about, watching the Nantucket story, is this: before the genetic modification, did anyone seriously study what is out of balance? Could the answer be as simple as returning a predator? Foxes eat mice. Owls eat mice.

The science backs this up in ways that should stop the experiment cold and give us all hope and faith in the natural world. Ironically, 60 Minutes already told this story. In 2020 they covered the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park. When wolves returned in 1995, coyote populations dropped by half — by as much as 80 percent in areas with established wolf packs. Fox populations recovered. The cascade moved through the entire ecosystem in ways still being studied thirty years later. One predator returned. The system began remembering.

That same chain applies to Nantucket. Researchers studying the spread of Lyme disease across the Northeast found that increases over the past three decades are frequently uncorrelated with deer abundance — and instead coincide with the decline of the red fox, pushed out of its territory by the expansion of coyotes. Where coyotes dominate, foxes disappear. Where foxes disappear, mice multiply. Where mice multiply, infected ticks follow. The Cary Institute's Richard Ostfeld puts it plainly: certain predators protect our health. Manage the environment so healthy predator populations can exist, and Lyme disease rates fall.

Nobody needed a genetics lab for that insight. The system lives it.

Digging deeper — Opossums. Nearly two decades of field research finds they are one of the most effective natural checks on tick populations — not because anyone designed them for it, but because of how they live. They groom obsessively, killing ticks that land on them. And because ticks are drawn to opossums the way they are drawn to mice, the ticks that choose an opossum instead of a mouse never acquire the Lyme bacteria — they die on the wrong host. Opossum populations have been declining across the Northeast as habitat shrinks and road mortality rises. Now that is a lead story!

Hawks, owls, kestrels. The predators that keep mouse populations in check — reducing the host population through biology rather than modification. The question is not whether they could help. The question is whether we have given them the habitat they need to do it.

None of these approaches require us to change the genome of a wild animal and release it into a living system we cannot fully predict.

White-footed mice don't just carry Lyme disease. They live underground — in burrows dug by other animals, in root cavities, in the hollow spaces the island's soil has accumulated over centuries. When they vacate those spaces, other species move in — including native bumblebees that depend on these same underground spaces to nest and reproduce. What happens when the DNA left behind in those burrows belongs to a genetically modified animal? Nobody has studied it. We have to ask.

 

In my work, I have learned to sit still long enough for the living world to forget I am there. It is what I mean when I write about seeing in systems — the discipline of looking before intervening. What I see when I do that is not disorder. It is a conversation already underway. Relationships I didn't design, couldn't have predicted, and would have disrupted if I had reached in too fast.

The white-footed mouse has been in relationship with that island's food web for a very long time. The tick with the mouse. The Lyme bacteria with the tick. Something changed — in the landscape, in the predator population, in the human encroachment on the habitat — that allowed the disease to expand. The system is showing us where the imbalance is.

Genetically modifying the mouse answers a symptom. Restoring the system addresses the cause.

 

THE SAFER PATH

A tick. A mouse. A gene. What could go wrong? Everything.

That science is cool. It is sexy. It has to wait. There is no going back once you have rewritten a genome and released it into the wild. The safer path is simpler and older — give nature what it needs to find its own balance. Remove whatever is preventing the predators from returning. Restore what the island once knew.

Not sexy. But beautiful in a way sexy will never be.

The system remembers. We just have to get out of its way.

 

How I Got Here

In the mid-nineties, my husband was diagnosed with diabetes. We had both grown up in small towns, but differently. My mother was a schoolteacher — we ate whole foods, but they came from cans. My husband grew up closer to the source: farms, soil, food that still remembered where it came from. When the doctors handed us the food pyramid and told us to follow it, we were starting from different places. But we arrived at the same question together. The grains at the base, the carbohydrates they called foundation — the more we followed their guidance, the more insulin he needed. The glucose numbers didn’t lie. And slowly, reluctantly, we understood that the people giving us this advice weren’t confused. The pharmaceutical companies, the medical institutions, the government agencies propping up industrial grain and monoculture and seed patents — they knew. It was a hard thing to accept. But the numbers made it undeniable. So we stopped following and started looking for ourselves.

The questions led to farmers markets, to conversations with people who were still raising food the old way. A regenerative farmer selling grass-fed beef at a market stand told me something I didn’t expect: that grass-fed beef carries the same beneficial omega fats as wild-caught salmon. I had been eating salmon every week for years — it was what the doctors recommended, the one healthy protein we were told to trust. But it had started to feel wrong to me. How could the only truly healthy protein come from cold water fish? How would humans have survived inland, far from any ocean, for thousands of years? That question had haunted me without an answer. The farmer gave me one. The land the animal lived on was in the food. The health of the soil was in the body. Suddenly everything shifted. And there was something else: if grass-fed land proteins could replace our dependence on wild-caught fish, the pressure on the ocean lifts too. Fix agriculture on the table and you begin to fix it in the water. The systems are not separate. They never were.

That connection — between the land and what it produces and what it does inside us — changed the way I see everything. It wasn’t just about food. It was about a system. A living system that industrial civilization had interrupted, and that we were all paying for without knowing it. I wasn’t angry so much as awake. Once I saw it I couldn’t unsee it.

A few years later I came across Allan Savory’s TED talk on desertification and the role of ruminants in restoring degraded land. Savory showed how the movement of grazing animals — their consumption, their waste, their hooves breaking the crust of dry earth — was the mechanism that had built the world’s grasslands over millennia. But it wasn’t just the land they were building. Their waste alone feeds an entire chain of life: microbes, flies, dung beetles, birds, and everything up from there. Remove the animals and the whole web unravels. Return them, managed holistically, and the prairie comes back — not just the grass, but every creature that depends on it. Carbon returns to the soil. Water returns to the ground. The climate steadies.

I had been following a thread from my husband’s body to a farmer’s pasture to the roots of the coastal prairie, and I didn’t fully know it until that moment. Humans are animals. We are part of this system. We dispersed seeds and moved nutrients long before we decided we were separate from the land and above it. We are not managers of nature. We are participants in it — or we are supposed to be.

This understanding became the ground my art grows from. It led first to Endangered Knowledge: the Soul of Humus — a work about what we have forgotten and what the soil still holds. And from there, inevitably, to Symbiosis — where curiosity installed the first microbial soil, planted the first native plants, and became something you could walk through.